`lu`

The LU factorization of a square matrix

Description

lu computes the LU factorization of a matrix.

Usage

lu(x)
list(list("lu"), list("default"))(x)
list(list("solve"), list("lu"))(a, b, list())
is.lu(x)

Arguments

Argument	Description
`x`	a square numeric matrix whose LU factorization is to be computed.
`a`	an LU factorization of a square matrix.
`b`	a vector or matrix of right-hand sides of equations.
`list()`	further arguments passed to or from other methods

Details

The LU factorization plays an important role in many numerical procedures. In particular it is the basic method to solve the equation \(\mathbf{Ax} = \mathbf{b}\) for given matrix \(\mathbf{A}\) , and vector \(\mathbf{b}\) .

solve.lu is the method for solve for lu objects.

is.lu returns TRUE if x is a list and inherits from "lu" . % not more checks, for speed.

Unsuccessful results from the underlying LAPACK code will result in an error giving a positive error code: these can only be interpreted by detailed study of the Fortran code.

Value

The LU factorization of the matrix as computed by LAPACK. The components in the returned value correspond directly to the values returned by DGETRF .

Value	Description
`lu`	a matrix with the same dimensions as \(x\). The upper triangle contains the \(\mathbf{U}\) of the decomposition and the strict lower triangle contains information on the \(\mathbf{L}\) of the factorization.
`pivot`	information on the pivoting strategy used during the factorization.

Note

To compute the determinant of a matrix (do you really need it?), the LU factorization is much more efficient than using eigenvalues ( eigen ). See det .

LAPACK uses column pivoting and does not attempt to detect rank-deficient matrices.

References

Anderson. E., Bai, Z., Bischof, C., Blackford, S., Demmel, J., Dongarra, J., Du Croz, J., Greenbaum, A., Hammarling, S., McKenney, A. Sorensen, D. (1999). LAPACK Users' Guide , 3rd Edition. SIAM. (Available at http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug/lapack_lug.html ).

Golub, G.H., Van Loan, C.F. (1996). Matrix Computations , 3rd Edition. John Hopkins University Press.

Examples

a <- matrix(c(3,2,6,17,4,18,10,-2,-12), ncol = 3)
z <- lu(a)
z # information of LU factorization

# computing det(a)
prod(diag(z$lu)) # product of diagonal elements of U

# solve linear equations
b <- matrix(1:6, ncol = 2)
solve(z, b)

lu